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strat @fitte JOHN L. reins, or NnW'YonK, N. Y., Assiettes To ninsnnr AND Louis GUILLAUDE 0F SAME4 PLAGE.

IMPROVEMENT IN WRENGHES.

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T0 ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCEBN:

Be it known that I, JOHN L. PEA invented certain new and useful impr a Full and exact description thereof.

My invention enables me, by a'cbcaply constructed and ge of variation ink size, and to turn them with gre Without removing it after each partial revolution of the handle or lever.

pipes having a considerable ran v wrench backward arbund on the pipe,

I am able, by a simple adjustment, to adapt the instrument I will first describe what I consider 'the best means designate the points which I believe to be new. The

Figure 1 is a side View of the wrench complete. Figure 2 is an end View of the Wrench in theact shoivs in blue outline another mode of securing Athe too invention.)

Figure 3 is a side View corresponding to iig. 2. Figure 4 is a. side view of the wrench in its closely to better exhibit the interior.

of gr shu KE, of the city and county of New York, and State of New York, have ovoments inV Pipe Wrenches and I do hereby deelariJ that the following is' durable instrument, having but i'ew'parts, te seize at force, simply running,` the to a range of sizes much larger or smaller, at will. oi' carrying out my invention, and will afterwards accompanying drawings forni a part of this specification.

asping a pipe, indicated in red outline. (This ligure th, which forms an important and essential feature of any t condition, with a portion of the side broken away Figure Sis a horizontal section on the line s s, in fig. 3.

The mater A is a stout jaw recessed by oil'scts, as indicated. by a a a,

B is ajaw adapted to .slide en the ways A-, and to be guid which slide in corresponding grooves formed in the jaw A, with approximate accuracy, but le suitable machinery; metal, so as to lcav In this latter case presented to the pipe is provided with ablunt tooth or Wed or they may be formed as nearly a co1' o the groove in the jaw A a little larger I have represented this piece as secured by being driven tig preferred, be formed permanentlyn the jaw B, by welding means, such as screwing, riveting, or the like. it is presented, and to hold the pipe with. suiiieient irmness` jaw A, to allow the pipe to be turned with all the force wh the stout pin c, parallel faces of the part of the handle C which is present or otherwise liberating it from any holding means. The handle C is ad -form partial revolutions in opposite directions. M is a seri handle C, the segment having its centre in the axis of the lower edge of the jaw B, tbc., before described. The teeth instrument.

To use my invention thejaws A and B are to the handle C, which is easily acquired by pra. elnbrace the pipe between the surfaces a a and the tooth b, by the arrow, the handle C makes a partial revolution in th teeth N, causes the tooth I) to press against the side bf the surface a a with a force which is proportionate to the-force aving a slight excess of metal, and afterwards iinished to the parte may be pnt together Without expensive nishing. That face of the Its function is t in a cavity in the jaw A, which cavity has parallel sides,

opened, either by appl otiee.. Now,

parts in rall gures. Tints are employed merely to aid in distinial of the 'Whole may be wrought iron and steel. I

made in this styleby the employment ot' malleable east iron as on the surface which is presented to the pipe. ed thereon by the tongue B1, and shoulders B2 B, as represented. These parts may be forged or cast trie correct `forni by rect form as possible, but with a slight deficiency of than the part of the jaw B .which is to run therein. jaw B Vwhich is gie-shaped piece of hardened Stoch-as indicated at b. htly in the dove-tail recess. This ridge, b, may, if or otherwise; or it maybe secured by any approved opress firmly upon the sido .of the pipe to which between itself and the recessed surface a a, on thev ich is requisite. C is the handle. Itis secured by adapted to iit closely but easily to the The .pin c is removable by unscrewing aptedA toturn on the pin c, so as to per; es of teeth forming a segment of a gear-wheel on the pin e. N is a series ot' teeth forrning a rack on the M and N lock into each other in all positions oi' the.

ed thereto.

yngtli'e hand or giving the proper shake on applying my wrench in this condition, so to and moving the handle C in the direct-ion indicated e jaw' A, and by the action of the teeth M upon the pipe, and to ho'ldthe latter between itself and the applied to the lever C. I have found that with the consider this of vital importance.

parts proportioned as represented, this force is always suilicient to insure a' proper gripe on the pipe. It may be desirable, in constructing my wrench to operate on very' thin pipes, to give a larger diameter to the segment M, and to proportionately modify the other parts, so as to give n less pressure on the pipe.' Or it may be desirable, in seine eases, to modify the proportions in the opposite direction, so as to insur' a more'potverful gripe; Changes of thisl character will be readily obvious to any goed mechanic. In. order to turn the pipe in the opposite direction, it is necessary simply to turn my pipe-wrench over and apply it so as to close 'by forcing the lever in the opposite direction. At each movement of the handle im one direction the pipe is griped and turned; and at cach movement of the handle in the opposite direction, the wrench is opened suiiicicntly to release' it, and allow it 'to turn easily. In order to adjust my wrench to act on much larger or smaller pipes, I remove the pin c, and then withdraw the handle C so far as to disconnect the teeth of the segment M from the teeth of they rack N. I then change the position of the teeth by moving the handle C in one direction or the other and -reinsert`it- This causes the jaw B to assumo a diii'erent position relatively to the other parts, putting the tooth b'nearer to, or farther from, the surface a ci, as may be desiredn A portion of the advantages of my invention may be obtained by means of a smooth hollow in the jaw A, instead of the offset hollow represented. So also may a portion of the benefits be realized by variousother obvious modifications, ast for example, placing the tooth on the jaw A, and the hollow on the jaw B; but I prefer the construction represented. With the working parts arranged as represented, the strain on the tooth b is always inward or toward the slide B, and never in the opposite direction. This fact will allow me to introduce the tooth b with great irmness, by providing a dove-tail base, and driving'it in a dove-tail groove made at right angles, after the manner represented, a position which is indicated in blue outline in iig. 2. My invention. possesses the marked advantages of great facility of operation with very strong-gripe,` and of seizing p'ipesof dii'erent sizes in the same manner, that is,'by forcing the tooth I always directly in the line of the centre of the pipe, or bolt, or other cylindrical body to which it is applied. The tooth b moves backwardand forward in a. right line instead of on a curvo, as in most previous pipe-wrenches, and making this line almost coincident with the line of the centres of the tubes of different sizes, the tooth will act in exactly the same manner upon each. I find it preferable, however, in ordinary cases, to place the tooth Z so that it is traversed a little out of this line of centres, as represented. I do not, however,

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is as follows; .t

I claim the recessed face a a, on thejaw A, in combination with the tooth b, on the jaw B, adapted to traveise backward and forward by means of the rackN, segment M, and. lever C, all arranged for joint operation so as to act'on cylindrical bodies or pipes of diierent diameters, all in lines at uniform distances from their centres, substantially as herein set forth.

In, testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses;

' JOHN L. PEAKE.

Witnesses:

-Tnomss D. Scrarsoiv,

D. L. Fananomv. 

